解决Ubuntu 16.04更新系统内核出错后的问题

大伟哥的工作电脑使用Ubuntu 16.04系统，已经很久没有更新了，今天正好有空，就运行了sudo apt update, sudo apt upgrade让它在后台自已更新去了。

因为要更新的软件比较多，需要花费挺长时间，大伟哥也没怎么在意，只是在运行结束后看了一下报错，上面显示因为boot分区空间不够，升级linux内核的时候出错了：

在处理时有错误发生：
linux-image-extra-4.4.0-97-generic
linux-image-generic
linux-generic
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

之前也发生了同样的问题，系统提示可以运行sudo apt-get autoremove清除不需要的依赖的，而多次升级后/boot分区里已经有了多个之前版本的Linux内核，因此大伟哥决定先运行一下这个命令，看能不能自动给/boot分区清理出一部分空间来，这样也省得我再查文档手动清除旧的内核文件了。实验证明这个命令真的有效果，/boot分区清理出了100多M的空间，应该也够安装新的内核了。

再次执行sudo apt update/sudo apt upgrade, 系统并没有接着安装上次没有完成安装的内核，而是报错如下：

davidbro@Workstation:~$ sudo apt upgrade
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树       
正在读取状态信息... 完成       
正在计算更新... 完成
有一些软件包无法被安装。如果您用的是 unstable 发行版，这也许是
因为系统无法达到您要求的状态造成的。该版本中可能会有一些您需要的软件
包尚未被创建或是它们已被从新到(Incoming)目录移出。
下列信息可能会对解决问题有所帮助：

下列软件包有未满足的依赖关系：
 linux-image-extra-4.4.0-96-generic : 依赖: linux-image-4.4.0-96-generic 但是它将不会被安装
E: 破损的软件包

试一下sudo apt install命令看看不能能安装：

david@KingChef-Workstation:~$ sudo apt-get install
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树       
正在读取状态信息... 完成       
下列软件包将被【卸载】：
  linux-image-extra-4.4.0-96-generic
升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 0 个软件包，要卸载 1 个软件包，有 0 个软件包未被升级。
有 5 个软件包没有被完全安装或卸载。
解压缩后将会空出 153 MB 的空间。
您希望继续执行吗？ [Y/n] Y
(正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 356556 个文件和目录。)
正在卸载 linux-image-extra-4.4.0-96-generic (4.4.0-96.119) ...
depmod: FATAL: could not load /boot/System.map-4.4.0-96-generic: No such file or directory
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.4.0-96-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-96-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 4.4.0-96-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-96-generic
Error! Your kernel headers for kernel 4.4.0-96-generic cannot be found.
Please install the linux-headers-4.4.0-96-generic package,
or use the --kernelsourcedir option to tell DKMS where it's located
Error! Your kernel headers for kernel 4.4.0-96-generic cannot be found.
Please install the linux-headers-4.4.0-96-generic package,
or use the --kernelsourcedir option to tell DKMS where it's located
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.4.0-96-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-96-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-96-generic
WARNING: missing /lib/modules/4.4.0-96-generic
Ensure all necessary drivers are built into the linux image!
depmod: ERROR: could not open directory /lib/modules/4.4.0-96-generic: No such file or directory
depmod: FATAL: could not search modules: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_pkdOqR/lib/modules/4.4.0-96-generic/modules.order: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_pkdOqR/lib/modules/4.4.0-96-generic/modules.builtin: No such file or directory
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 4.4.0-96-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-96-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/unattended-upgrades 4.4.0-96-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-96-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 4.4.0-96-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-96-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 4.4.0-96-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-96-generic
Generating grub configuration file ...
Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported.
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-130-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-130-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-98-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-98-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-54-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-54-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-23-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-23-generic
done
正在设置 initramfs-tools (0.122ubuntu8.11) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
正在设置 linux-image-extra-4.4.0-130-generic (4.4.0-130.156) ...
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.4.0-130-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-130-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 4.4.0-130-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-130-generic
ERROR: Cannot create report: [Errno 17] File exists: '/var/crash/i915-4.6.3-4.4.0-dkms.0.crash'
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 4.4.0-130-generic (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/i915-4.6.3-4.4.0/1/build/make.log for more information.
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.4.0-130-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-130-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-130-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 4.4.0-130-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-130-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/unattended-upgrades 4.4.0-130-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-130-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 4.4.0-130-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-130-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 4.4.0-130-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-130-generic
Generating grub configuration file ...
Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported.
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-130-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-130-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-98-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-98-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-54-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-54-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-23-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-23-generic
done
正在设置 linux-image-generic (4.4.0.130.136) ...
正在设置 linux-generic (4.4.0.130.136) ...
正在处理用于 initramfs-tools (0.122ubuntu8.11) 的触发器 ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-130-generic

这样最新的内核版本4.4.0.130.136就安装好了。其实我觉得这样用autoremove腾出分区空间还是有点风险的,有可能会误删掉其他有用的软件。